PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDIES OF THE LEAF EXTRACTS OF SWARTZIA MADAGASCARIENSIS DESV (FABACEAE)
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the pharmacognostic standards and antibacterial properties of the leaf extracts of Swartzia madagascariensis Desv (Fabaceae). This plant is widely distributed in Northern part of Nigeria; it has been exploited for both its medicinal and economic importance. It is used in the treatment of infections such as cutaneous wounds. Microscopic, chemomicroscopic, quantitative microscopic studies, qualitative and thin layer chromatographic studies, toxicity studies and antibacterial evaluation were carried out using standard methods. Microscopical studies revealed the presence of straight - walled anticlinal walls, polygonal epidermal cells, trichomes, anomocytic stomata on abaxial surface. The transverse section of the leaf through the lamina and midrib tissue was examined and revealed different anatomical features include: epidermal layers, palisade and spongy mesophyll cells, vascular bundles consisting of xylem and phloem vessels. Microscopy of the powder revealed fragments of starch grain, calcium oxalate crystals, lignified collenchyma, unicellular covering trichome and lignified fibre as a characteristic of the plant. Chemomicroscopical studies of the powdered leaves were found to have cellulose, lignin, calcium oxalate, tannins, and starch. The quantitative microscopic results were observed to be: stomatal number (201), stomatal index (9.5), palisade ratio (7.3), vein islets (29.5) and vein termination numbers (15.0). The physicochemical constants evaluated were moisture contents (6.7%), total ash value (6.0%), water soluble ash (4.5%), acid insoluble ash (1.0%), ethanol extractive value (15%) and water extractive value (24%). Phytochemical screening on the plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and anthracenes. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of the ethyl acetate extract (most active extract) confirms the presence of some chemical constituents in the leaf extracts namely flavonoids, steroids and triterpenes. Acute toxicity study viii found the leaf extract to have an LD50 of 288.5mg/kg body weight (i.p) in mice. The antibacterial studies carried out on the leaf extracts showed zones of inhibition ranging from 17-18 mm, 24-27 mm and 21-22 mm for hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts respectively. These values were less than that of ciprofloxacin (32 – 37 mm) that was used as the standard antibacterial drug. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the three extracts was determined at 0.5 scale Mcfarland‟s turbidity standard. The extracts at the concentrations of 20 mg/ml (hexane), 10 mg/ml (ethyl acetate) and 10 mg/ml (ethanol). They also gave Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations at 40 mg/ml each of hexane and ethanol extracts and 20 mg/ml for the ethyl acetate extract. It was observed that gram positive bacteria (Staph. aureus and Strep. pyogenes) were more sensitive to the extracts than the gram negative bacteria (E. coli). Results of the present studies had shown that S. madagascariensis is a promising medicinal plant with antibacterial property.
Related Project Materials
THE ROLE OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN PROMOTING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
ABSTRACT: The role of early childhood education in promoting physical activity...
INFLUENCE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IBESIKPO ASUTAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF AKWA IBOM STATE
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of guidance and counseling on...
IMPACTS OF REMUNERATION ON EMPLOYEES’ JOB PERFORMANCE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Remuneration is an important instrument that can insert into the workers, the s...
STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES IN VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS
Abstract: Promoting sustainability practices in vocational schools is essential for prepari...
EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN SERVICE DELIVERY IN ACADEMIC
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the effect of management information system in service delivery in university of Uyo. T...
IMPACT OF COMPUTER ON THE PRACTICE OF JOURNALISM
Background of the Study
Journalism is the investigation and reporting of events, issues and trends to b...
RACISM AND OPPRESSION IN BLACK AMERICAN LITERATURE: AN EXAMPLE OF RICHARD WRIGHT’S BLACK BOY
ABSTRACT
It is known fact that racism and oppression are one of the major issues in...
THE ROLE OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ON NATIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH: A CASE STUDY OF THE TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR IN NIGERIA (2000-1-2010-4)
ABSTRACT
The study examines the role of infrastructure development in national economic growth. A model was specified for the purpose and...
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALTH CARE REMINDER APPLICATION
ABSTRACT
Patients on constant medication usually find difficulty in remembering the particular time their prescription is going to finish...
ASSESSING THE ORAL HEALTH RECORDS AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF ANAEROBIC BACTERIA ISOLATES FROM PATIENTS VISITING DENTAL UNIT OF AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER, ZARIA
ABSTRACT
Oral health can be a good indicator of general health and has been linked to systemic diseases, therefore, maintaining good oral...
